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Union Daily Civil War Rations

If it's true that an army travels on its stomach, Civil War soldiers had their work cut out for them. Here is the typical daily ration provided for Union soldiers, according to the website, Visit-Gettysburgh.com.

· 12 oz. pork or bacon or 1lb. fresh or salt beef· 1 lb. 6 oz. soft bread or flour or 1 lb. hardtack or 1 lb. 4 oz. cornmealFor every 100 men:· 15 lb. beans or peas· 10 lb. rice or hominy· 10 lb. green coffee or 8 lb. roasted coffee· 1 lb. 8 oz. tea· 15 lb. sugar· 4 quarts vinegar· 1 quart molassesHardtack was a soldier's mainstay. As the name implies, it was hard, basically a cracker on steroids, designed to travel well and last long. A recipe from Visit-Gettysburgh.com calls for a tablespoon of butter or lard, two cups of flour (cornmeal in the South), teaspoon of salt and 1/2 to cup water.Use a pastry cutter to mix the butter, flour, and salt. Add enough water to make a stiff batter, knead several times, then use your fingers to spread the dough out flat to a thickness of 1/2 inch on a non-greased cookie sheet. Cut the sheet of dough into 3-inch squares and use a fork to punch four rows of holes, four holes per row into each square (or use a hardtack cutter).Bake for 30 minutes at 400° F. Remove from oven and turn the dough over. Return to the oven and bake for another 30 minutes. Turn the oven off and keep the door closed, leaving the hardtack inside until cool. Let it age at least 2 weeks before eating it.For an authentic flavor, wait a few months for some weevils to take up residence!

CHRIS PARKER/TIMES NEWS A soldier's mainstay: A few pieces of hardtack, shown here with a hardtack cutter.